ACI CODE-350M-06 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures & Commentary (Metric)

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METRIC VERSION

Description

The code portion of this document covers the structural design, materials selection, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Such structures are used for conveying, storing, or treating liquid or other materials such as solid waste. They include ancillary structures for dams, spill-ways, and channels.

They are subject to uniquely different loadings, more severe exposure conditions, and more restrictive serviceability requirements than non-environmental building structures.

Loadings include normal dead and live loads and vibrating equipment or hydrodynamic forces. Exposures include concentrated chemicals, alternate wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing of saturated concrete. Serviceability requirements include liquid-tightness or gas-tightness.

Typical structures include conveyance, storage, and treatment structures.

Proper design, materials, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures are required to produce serviceable concrete that is dense, durable, nearly impermeable, and resistant to chemicals, with limited deflections and cracking. Leakage must be controlled to minimize contamination of ground water or the environment, to minimize loss of product or infiltration, and to promote durability.

This code presents new material as well as modified portions of the ACI 318M-02 Building Code that are applicable to environmental engineering concrete structures.

Because ACI 350M-06 is written as a legal document, it may be adopted by reference in a general building code or in regulations governing the design and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Thus, it cannot present background details or suggestions for carrying out its requirements or intent. It is the function of the commentary to fill this need.

The commentary discusses some of the considerations of the committee in developing the ACI 350M Code, and its relationship with ACI 318M. Emphasis is given to the explanation of provisions that may be unfamiliar to some users of the code. References to much of the research data referred to in preparing the code are given for those who wish to study certain requirements in greater detail. The chapter and section numbering of the code are followed throughout the commentary. Among the subjects covered are: permits, drawings and specifications, inspections, materials, concrete quality, mixing and placing, forming, embedded pipes, construction joints, reinforcement details, analysis and design, strength and serviceability, flexural and axial loads, shear and torsion, development of reinforcement, slab systems, walls, footings, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, shell structures, folded plate members, provisions for seismic design, and an alternate design method in Appendix I. The quality and testing of materials used in the construction are covered by reference to the appropriate standard specifications. Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. Criteria for liquid-tightness testing may be found in 350.1.

Keywords: chemical attack; coatings; concrete durability; concrete finishing (fresh concrete); concrete slabs, crack width, and spacing; cracking (fracturing); environmental engineering; inspection; joints (junctions); joint sealers; liquid; patching; permeability; pipe columns; pipes (tubes); prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reservoirs; roofs; serviceability; sewerage; solid waste facilities; tanks (containers); temperature; torque; torsion; vibration; volume change; walls; wastewater treatment; water; water-cementitious material ratio; water supply; water treatment.

Document Details

Author: ACI Committee 350

Publication Year: 2008

Pages: 485

ISBN: 9780870312977

Categories: Codes, Environmental

Formats: Protected PDF/Web View

Table of Contents

Part 1 - General

Chapter 1 - General Requirements

1.1 - Scope

1.2 - Drawings and specifications

1.3 - Inspection

1.4 - Approval of special systems of design or construction

Chapter 2 - Definitions

Part 2 - Standards for Tests and Materials

Chapter 3 - Materials

3.0 - Notation

3.1 - Tests of materials

3.2 - Cements

3.3 - Aggregates

3.4 - Water

3.5 - Steel Reinforcement

3.6 - Admixtures

3.7 - Storage of materials

3.8 - Reference Standards

Part 3 - Construction Requirements

Chapter 4-Durability Requirements

4.0 - Notation

4.1 - Water-cementious materials ratio and cementitious material content

4.2 - Freezing and thawing exposures

4.3 - Sulfate exposures

4.4 - Corrosion protection of metals

4.5 - Chemical effects

4.6 - Protection against erosion

4.7 - Coatings and liners

4.8 - Joints

Chapter 5-Concrete Quality, Mixing, and Placing

5.0 - Notation

5.1 - General

5.2 - Selection of concrete proportions

5.3 - Proportioning on the basis of field experience and/or trial mixtures, or both

5.4 - Average Strength reduction

5.5 - Evaluation and acceptance of concrete

5.6 - Preparation of equipment and place of deposit

5.7 -Mixing

5.8 - Conveying

5.9 - Depositing

5.10 - Curing

5.11 - Cold weather requirements

5.12 - Hot weather requirements

Chapter 6 - Formwork, Embedded Pipes, and Construction and Movement Joints

6.1 - Design of formwork

6.2 - Removal of forms, shores, and restoring

6.3 - Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete

6.4 - Construction joints

6.5 - Movement joints

Chapter 7 - Details of Reinforcement

7.0 - Notation

7.1 - Standard hooks

7.2 - Minimum bend diameters

7.3 - Bending

7.4 - Surface conditions of reinforcement

7.5 - Placing reinforcement

7.6 - Spacing limits for reinforcement

7.7 - Concrete protection for reinforcement

7.8 - Special reinforcement details for columns

7.9 - Connections

7.10 - Lateral reinforcement for compression members

7.11 - Lateral reinforcement for flexural members

7.12 - Shrinkage and temperature

7.13 - Requirements for structural integrity

Part 4 - General Requirements

Chapter 8 - Analysis and Design - General Considerations

8.0 - Notation

8.1 - Design methods

8.2 - Loading

8.3 - Methods of analysis

8.4 - Redistribution of negative moments

8.5 - Modulus of Elasticity

8.6 - Stiffness

8.7 - Span length

8.8 - Columns

8.9 - Arrangement of live load

8.10 - T-beam construction

8.11 - Joist construction

8.12 - Separate floor finish

Chapter 9 - Strength and Serviceability

9.0 - Notation

9.1 - General

9.2 - Required strength

9.3 - Design strength

9.4 - Design strength for reinforcement

9.5 - Control of deflections

Chapter 10 - Flexure and Axial Loads

10.0 - Notation

10.1 - Scope

10.2 - Design assumptions

10.3 - General principals and requirements

10.4 - Distance between lateral supports of flexural members

10.5 - Minimum reinforcement of flexural members

10.6 - Distribution of flexural reinforcement

10.7 - Deep beams

10.8 - Design dimensions for compression members

10.9 - Limits for reinforcement of compression members

10.10 - Slenderness effects in compression members

10.11 - Magnified moments - General

10.12 - Magnified moments - Non-sway frames

10.13 - Magnified moments - Sway frames

10.14 - Axially loaded members supporting slab system

10.15 - Transmission of column loads through floor system

10.16 - Composite compression members

10.17 - Bearing strength

Chapter 11 - Shear and Torsion

11.0 - Notation

11.1 - Shear strength

11.2 - Lightweight concrete

11.3 - Shear strength provided by concrete for nonprestressed members

11.4 - Shear strength provided by concrete for prestressed members

11.5 - Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement

11.6 - Design for torsion

11.7 - Shear-friction

11.8 - Special provisions for deep flexural members

11.9 - Special provisions for brackets and corbels

11.10 - Special provisions for walls

11.11 - Transfer of moments to columns

11.12 - Special provisions for slabs and footings

Chapter 12 - Development and Splices of Reinforcement

12.0 - Notation

12.1 - Development of reinforcement - General

12.2 - Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.3 - Development of deformed bars in compression

12.4 - Development of bundled bars

12.5 - Development of standard hooks in tension

12.6 - Mechanical anchorage

12.7 - Development of welded deformed wire fabric in tension

12.8 - Development of welded plain wire fabric in tension

12.9 - Development of prestressing strand

12.10 - Development of flexural reinforcement - General

12.11 - Development of positive moment reinforcement

12.12 - Development of negative moment reinforcement

12.13 - Development of web reinforcement

12.14 - Splices of reinforcement - General

12.15 - Splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.16 - Splices of deformed bars in compression

12.17 - Special splice requirements for columns

12.18 - Splices of welded deformed wire fabric in tension

12.19 - Splices of welded plain wire fabric in tension

Part 5 - Structural Systems or Elements

Chapter 13 - Two-Way Slab Systems

13.0 - Notation

13.1 - Scope

13.2 - Definitions

13.3 - Slab Reinforcement

13.4 - Openings in slab systems

13.5 - Design procedures

13.6 - Direct design method

13.7 - Equivalent frame method

Chapter 14 - Walls

14.0 - Notation

14.1 - Scope

14.2 - General

14.3 - Minimum reinforcement

14.4 - Walls designed as compression members

14.5 - Empirical design methods

14.6 - Minimum wall thickness

14.7 - Walls as grade beams

Chapter 15 - Footings

15.0 - Notation

15.1 - Scope

15.2 - Loads and reactions

15.3 - Footings supporting circular or regular polygon shaped columns or pedestals

15.4 - Moment in footings

15.5 - Shear in footings

15.6 - Development of reinforcement in footings

15.7 - Minimum footing depth

15.8 - Transfer of force at base of column, wall, or reinforced pedestal

15.9 - Sloped or stepped footings

15.10 - Combined footings and mats

Chapter 16 - Precast Concrete

16.0 - Notation

16.1 - Scope

16.2 - General

16.3 - Distribution of forces among members

16.4 - Member desing

16.5 - Structural integrity

16.6 - Connection and bearing design

16.7 - Items embedded after concrete placement

16.8 - Marking and identification

16.9 - Handling

16.10 - Strength evaluation of precast construction

Chapter 17 - Composite Concrete Flexural Members

17.0 - Notation

17.1 - Scope

17.2 - General

17.3 - Shoring

17.4 - Vertical shear strength

17.5 - Horizontal shear strength

17.6 - Ties for horizontal shear

Chapter 18 - Prestressed Concrete

18.0 - Notation

18.1 - Scope

18.2 - General

18.3 - Design assumptions

18.4 - Permissible stresses in concrete - Flexural members

18.5 - Permissible stresses in prestressing tendons

18.6 - Loss of prestress

18.7 - Flexural strength

18.8 - Limits for reinforcement of flexural members

18.9 - Minimum bonded reinforcement

18.10 - Statically indeterminate structures

18.11 - Compression members-Combined flexure and axial loads

18.12 - Slab systems

18.13 - Tendon anchorage zones

18.14 - Corrosion protection for unbonded prestressing tendons

18.15 - Post-tensioning ducts

18.16 - Grout for bonded prestressing tendons

18.17 - Protection for prestressing tendons

18.18 - Application and measurement of prestressing force

18.19 - Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers

Chapter 19 - Shells and Folded Plate Members

19.0 - Notation

19.1 - Scope and definitions

19.2 - Analysis and design

19.3 - Desing strength of materials

19.4 - Shell reinforcement

19.5 - Construction

Part 6 - Special Considerations

Chapter 20 - Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures

20.0 - Notation

20.1 - Strength evaluation-General

20.2 - Determination of required dimensions and materials properties

20.3 - Load test procedures

20.4 - Loading criteria

20.5 - Acceptance criteria

20.6 - Provision for lower load rating

20.7 - Safety

Chapter 21 - Special Provisions for Seismic Design

21.0 - Notation

21.1 - Definitions

21.2 - General requirements

21.3 - Flexural members of special moment frames

21.4 - Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load

21.5 - Joints of special moment frames

21.6 - Special moment frames constructed using precast concrete

21.7 - Specail reinforced concrete structural walls and coupling beams

21.8 - Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete

21.9 Structural diaphragms and trusses

21.10 Foundations

21.11 Frame members not proportioned to resist forces induced by earthquake motions

21.12 Requirements for intermediate moment frames

21.13 Intermediate precast structural walls

Part 7 - Structural Plain Concrete

Chapter 22 - Not Used

Commentary References

Appendixes

Appendix A - Not used

Appendix B - Alternate Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Flexural and Compression Members

Appendix C - Alternate Load Factors, Strength Reduction Factors, and Distribution of Flexural Reinforcement

Appendix D - Anchoring to Concrete

Appendix E - Notation

Appendix F -Metal Reinforcement Information

Appendix G Circular Wire and Strand Wrapped Prestressed Concrete Environmental Structures

Appendix H Slabs on Soil

Appendix I Alternate Design Method

Index

Summary of Changes for 350M-06 Code

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