Title: Underwater Concrete Part 2: Proper Mixture Proportioning

Author(s): Sam X. Yao, and Ben C. Gerwick Jr.

Publication: Concrete International

Volume: 26

Issue: 2

Appears on pages(s): 77-82

Keywords: Tremie; cofferdams; workability; cohesion; washout; flowability

DOI:

Date: 2/1/2004

Abstract:
Because concrete placed underwater is inherently susceptible to cement washout, laitance, segregation, cold joints, and water entrapment, it must possess some unique workability characteristics. This article presents factors that must be considered when properly proportioning underwater concrete mixtures.