Description
This guide describes specific types of concrete deterioration. Each chapter contains a discussion of the mechanisms involved and the recommended requirements for individual components of concrete, quality considerations for concrete mixtures, construction procedures, and influences of the exposure environment, which are all important considerations to ensure concrete durability.
This guide was developed for conventional concrete but is generally applicable to specialty concretes; however, specialty concretes, such as roller-compacted or pervious concrete, may have unique durability-related issues that deserve further attention that are not addressed herein.
Keywords: abrasion resistance; alkali-aggregate reaction; chemical attack; curing; deterioration; durability; freezing and thawing; physical salt attack, sulfate attack.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
1.2—Scope
CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS
2.1—Definitions
CHAPTER 3—MASS TRANSPORT
3.1—Introduction
3.2—Transport processes in nonreactive porous media
3.3—Factors affecting mass transport in concrete
3.4—Measurement of transport properties
3.5—Obtaining durable concrete
CHAPTER 4—FREEZING AND THAWING OF CONCRETE
4.1—Introduction
4.2—Frost attack of concrete made with durable aggregates
4.3—Frost attack of concrete made with nondurable aggregates
CHAPTER 5—ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTION
5.1—Introduction
5.2—Types of reactions
5.3—Evaluating aggregates for potential alkali-aggregate reactivity
5.4—Preventive measures
5.5—Tests for evaluating preventive measures
5.6—Protocols for minimizing the risk of alkali-aggregate reactivity
CHAPTER 6—SULFATE ATTACK
6.1—External sulfate attack
6.2—Internal sulfate attack
6.3—Seawater and brine exposure
CHAPTER 7—CHEMICAL ATTACK
7.1—General
7.2—Seawater
7.3—Acid attack
7.4—Fresh water
7.5—Carbonation
7.6—Industrial chemicals
7.7—Deicing and anti-icing chemicals
7.8—Environmental structures
CHAPTER 8—PHYSICAL SALT ATTACK
8.1—Introduction
8.2—Occurrence
8.3—Background
8.4—Mechanism
8.5—Recommendations
CHAPTER 9—CORROSION OF METALS AND DEGRADATION OF OTHER MATERIALS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE
9.1—Introduction
9.2—General principles of corrosion initiation in concrete
9.3—Propagation of corrosion
9.4—Corrosion-related properties of concreting materials
9.5—Mitigating corrosion
9.6—Corrosion of prestressed steel reinforcement
9.7—Degradation of materials other than steel
9.8—Summary
CHAPTER 10—ABRASION
10.1—Introduction
10.2—Testing concrete for resistance to abrasion
10.3—Factors affecting abrasion resistance of concrete
10.4—Recommendations for obtaining abrasion-resistant concrete surfaces
10.5—Studded tire and tire chain wear on concrete
10.6—Skid resistance of pavements
10.7—Erosion
CHAPTER 11—SUMMARY
CHAPTER 12—REFERENCES
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