Table of Contents
Contents
PREFACE, p. 2
Introduction, p. 2
History, p. 2
Applications, p. 3
New developments, p. 3
Research and development, p. 3
PART 1—GENERAL, p. 3
1.1—Scope, p. 3
1.2—Definitions, p. 5
1.3—References: Refer to Part 7, p. 5
1.4—Submittals, p. 5
1.5—Preconstruction testing by contractor, p. 5
1.6—Testing during construction: quality assurance and quality control, p. 6
1.7—Acceptance, p. 9
PART 2—PRODUCTS, p. 9
2.1—Materials, p. 9
2.2—Packaged shotcrete materials, p. 13
2.3—Fiber-reinforced shotcrete, p. 13
2.4—Shotcrete properties, p. 13
2.5—Mixture proportions, p. 16
2.6—Batching and mixing, p. 18
PART 3—EXECUTION, p. 20
3.1—Surface preparation, p. 20
3.2—Joints, p. 24
3.3—Alignment control, p. 24
3.4—Application, p. 25
3.5—Finishing, p. 35
3.6—Curing, p. 38
3.7—Protection, p. 38
3.8—Tolerances, p. 38
3.9—Repair, p. 39
PART 4—EQUIPMENT, p. 39
4.1—Introduction, p. 39
4.2—Dry-mix equipment, p. 40
4.3—Wet-mix equipment, p. 41
4.4—Air requirements, p. 42
4.5—Mixing equipment, p. 43
4.6—Hoses, p. 43
4.7—Nozzles, p. 44
4.8—Auxiliary equipment, p. 45
4.9—Plant layout and operation, p. 46
4.10—Other uses of shotcrete equipment, p. 47
PART 5—CREW ORGANIZATION, p. 47
5.1—Introduction, p. 47
5.2—Composition and crew duties, p. 47
5.3—Crew qualifications, p. 48
5.4—Communication, p. 49
PART 6—SUSTAINABILITY, p. 49
6.1—Shotcrete sustainability, p. 49
6.2—Formwork reduction or elimination, p. 49
6.3—Construction efficiency, p. 50
6.4—Repair and rehabilitation, p. 50
6.5—Creativity and efficiency of shotcrete sections, p. 50
6.6—Summary, p. 50
PART 7—REFERENCES, p. 50
Authored references, p. 52