Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 2
1.1—Introduction, p. 2
1.2—Scope, p. 2
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 3
2.1—Notation, p. 3
2.2—Definitions, p. 5
CHAPTER 3—DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND SEGMENTAL RING GEOMETRY, p. 6
3.1—Load and resistance factor design, p. 6
3.2—Governing load cases and load factors, p. 6
3.3—Design approach, p. 6
3.4—Segmental ring geometry and systems, p. 7
CHAPTER 4—DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION AND TRANSIENT STAGES, p. 12
CHAPTER 5—DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGES, p. 14
5.1—Tunnel boring machine thrust jack forces, p. 15
5.2—Tail skin back grouting pressure, p. 19
5.3—Localized back grouting (secondary grouting) pressure, p. 20
5.4—TBM backup load, p. 20
CHAPTER 6—DESIGN FOR FINAL SERVICE STAGEs, p. 21
6.1—Earth pressure, groundwater, and surcharge loads, p. 22
6.2—Longitudinal joint bursting load, p. 27
6.3—Loads induced due to additional distortion, p. 28
6.4—Other loads, p. 29
CHAPTER 7—DETAILED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, p. 32
7.1—Concrete strength and reinforcement, p. 32
7.2—Concrete cover, p. 34
7.3—Curing, p. 34
7.4—Reinforcement spacing, p. 34
7.5—Fiber reinforcement, p. 35
CHAPTER 8—TESTS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION, p. 37
CHAPTER 9—DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE, p. 38
9.1—Verification for SLS in tunnel segments, p. 38
9.2—Stress verification, p. 38
9.3—Deformation verification, p. 38
9.4—Cracking verification, p. 39
CHAPTER 10—DESIGN OF SEGMENT GASKET, p. 40
10.1—Gasket materials, p. 40
10.2—Water pressure and gasket design, p. 41
10.3—Gasket relaxation and factor of safety, p. 42
10.4—Tolerances and design for required gap/offset, p. 42
10.5—Gasket load-deflection, p. 44
10.6—Gasket groove design, p. 44
10.7—New development in gasket systems, p. 45
CHAPTER 11—CONNECTION DEVICES AND FASTENING SYSTEMS, p. 47
11.1—Bolts, dowels, and guiding rods, p. 47
11.2—Design of connection device for gasket pressure, p. 47
11.3—Latest developments in joint connection systems, p. 48
11.4—Fastening systems to segments, p. 48
CHAPTER 12—TOLERANCES, MEASUREMENT, AND DIMENSIONAL CONTROL, p. 51
12.1—Production tolerances, p. 51
12.2—Measurement and dimensional control, p. 52
12.3—Test ring and dimensional control frequency, p. 56
12.4—Construction tolerances, p. 59
CHAPTER 13—REPAIR OF DEFECTS, p. 60
CHAPTER 14—DURABILITY, p. 60
14.1—Conventional degradation mechanisms in tunnel linings, p. 60
14.2—Stray current corrosion in segmental tunnel linings, p. 66
14.3—Mitigation methods for stray current corrosion, p. 67
14.4—Durability under coupling multi-degradation factors, p. 70
14.5—Prescriptive-based approaches, p. 73
CHAPTER 15—REFERENCES, p. 76
Authored documents, p. 77