Evaluation of Impact Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

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Title: Evaluation of Impact Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Author(s): Juan Carlos Vivas and Raúl Zerbino

Publication: Materials Journal

Volume: 119

Issue: 6

Appears on pages(s): 121-131

Keywords: ACI Committee 544 impact test; fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC); growing impact loads (GIL) test; impact tests; polymeric fibers; steel fibers

DOI: 10.14359/51737187

Date: 11/1/2022

Abstract:
Impact resistance is an outstanding characteristic of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). To evaluate this property, many methods have been designed. The most widespread test is the one proposed by ACI Committee 544. This test has stood out due to its speed and simplicity; nevertheless, the high dispersion in its results has made it unreliable. Recently, the authors have designed a new method based on the application of growing impact loads (GIL). It is simple, economical, and allows for the evaluation of FRC impact behavior at cracking and after cracking, with most of the resulting parameters expressed in terms of energy. In this paper, results obtained by both methods are compared. Two FRC materials were evaluated, the first incorporating 30 kg/m3 of steel fiber and the second 5 kg/m3 of a polymeric fiber. Results showed that the parameters from the GIL method were less variable (up to approximately 44%) and had acceptable coefficients of variation (<30%).

Related References:

1. ACI Committee 544, “Measurement of Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544.2R-89) (Reapproved 2009),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1999, 12 pp.

2. ACI Committee 544, “Report on Measuring Mechanical Properties of Hardened Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544.9R-17),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2017, 52 pp.

3. Zhu, X.-C.; Zhu, H.; and Li, H.-R., “Drop-Weight Impact Test on U-Shape Concrete Specimens with Statistical and Regression Analyses,” Materials (Basel), V. 8, No. 9, Sept. 2015, pp. 5877-5890. doi: 10.3390/ma8095281

4. Badr, A., and Ashour, A. F., “Modified ACI Drop-Weight Impact Test for Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 102, No. 4, July-Aug. 2005, pp. 249-255.

5. Haruna, S. I.; Zhu, H.; Jiang, W.; and Shao, J., “Evaluation of Impact Resistance Properties of Polyurethane-Based Polymer Concrete for the Repair of Runway Subjected to Repeated Drop-Weight Impact Test,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 309, Nov. 2021, Article No. 125152. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125152

6. Ismail, M. K.; Hassan, A. A. A.; and Lachemi, M., “Effect of Fiber Type on Impact and Abrasion Resistance of Engineered Cementitious Composite,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 115, No. 6, Nov. 2018, pp. 957-968. doi: 10.14359/51710960

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8. Vivas, J., and Zerbino, R. L., “Estudio de la Resistencia al Impacto de Hormigones Reforzados con Fibras,” Proceedings, 19th Congreso Internacional de Metalurgia y Materiales (CONAMET/SAM 2019), Valdivia, Chile, Nov. 2019, pp. 140-141.

9. Vivas, J. C.; Zerbino, R.; Torrijos, M. C.; and Giaccio, G., “A Test Procedure for Evaluating the Impact Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Materials and Structures, V. 54, No. 6, Dec. 2021, Article No. 208, 17 pp. doi: 10.1617/s11527-021-01804-9

10. ASTM E436-91(1997), “Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1997, 5 pp.

11. ASTM E208-17, “Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, 14 pp.

12. Vivas, J. C.; Isla, F.; Torrijos, M. C.; Giaccio, G. M.; Luccioni, B.; and Zerbino, R. L., “Drop-Weight Impact Test for Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Analysis of Test Configuration,” Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Improvements and Innovations II: X RILEM-fib International Symposium on Fibre Reinforced Concrete (BEFIB) 2021, P. Serna, A. Llano-Torre, J. R. Martí-Vargas, and J. Navarro-Gregori, eds., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2022, pp. 61-73.

13. Vivas, J. C.; Zerbino, R. L.; Torrijos, M. C.; and Giaccio, G. M., “Impact Response of Different Classes of Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Improvements and Innovations: RILEM-fib International Symposium on FRC (BEFIB) in 2020, P. Serna, A. Llano-Torre, J. R. Martí-Vargas, and J. Navarro-Gregori, eds., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2021, pp. 189-198.

14. ASTM C39/C39M-03, “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, 5 pp.

15. EN 14651:2005, “Test Method for Metallic Fibered Concrete - Measuring the Flexural Tensile Strength (Limit of Proportionality (LOP), Residual),” European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2005, 17 pp.

16. ASTM D1557-00, “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, 10 pp.

17. Vivas, J. C.; Zerbino, R.; Torrijos, M. C.; and Giaccio, G., “Effect of the Fibre Type on Concrete Impact Resistance,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 264, Article No. 120200, Dec. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120200

18. IRAM 50000:2000, “Cemento - Cemento para Uso General: Composición, Características, Evaluación de la Conformidad y Condiciones de Recepción,” Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2000, 32 pp.

19. ASTM C1609/C1609M-05, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2005, 8 pp.

20. fib, “fib Model Code 2010 – Final Draft: Volume 1,” International Federation for Structural Concrete, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2012, 350 pp.

21. Vivas, J. C., and Zerbino, R., “Compressive Resistance Level Effect on Impact Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete,” Revista de la Construcción. Journal of Construction, V. 21, No. 1, 2022, pp. 135-144.


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