International Concrete Abstracts Portal

Steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) was developed and applied on the manufacture of structural façade panels composed of a grid ribbed system covered by a layer of 30 mm thickness. Panel prototypes of this structural system were tested using loading configurations that promote the flexural and the punching failure modes in order to assess the benefits of fiber reinforcement to the flexural and shear resistance of thin SFRSCC structural systems. A smeared multi-fixed crack model, implemented into a FEM-based computer program, was used to simulate the deformational behavior of the tested panel prototypes up to their failure. The fracture parameters characterizing the SFRSCC post-cracking behavior were obtained from inverse analysis, using the data derived from three point notched beam tests. The punching failure mode was well captured by adopting a softening diagram for both out-of-plane shear components.

This paper presents an inverse analysis approach to obtain material properties of fiber reinforced concrete in terms of Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile stress crack width parameters from the load deflection response of a round panel test. The properties were then used in a nonlinear finite element model to simulate the test of a full scale elevated slab subjected to a point load at mid span of the central slab. The simulation reasonably agreed with the experimental test data measured in the field; the predicted load capacity was higher than the test result by 15.5% and the ascending response was also stiffer than the measurement in the field. An alternative simpler yield line analysis was also used to calculate the material strength from the round panel test and then used to predict the load capacity of the full scale test. The load capacity predicted by the yield line theory was in between the finite element simulation and the experimental result.

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) has a post-cracking (residual) tensile strength which can provide extra stiffness to a reinforced concrete structure. This helps to reduce deflections and control cracking. Basic concepts of tension stiffening and the tensile capacity of the FRC at a crack are used to develop a rational model for both axial and flexural member stiffness. Axial member stiffness is defined by an effective concrete area and validated with experimental results. An effective moment of inertia is used to define the flexural stiffness, and the computed response of a plain reinforced concrete beam is compared with an FRC reinforced concrete beam. FRC is shown to increase member stiffness by between 10 to 50% depending on the amount and type of conventional reinforcement and post-cracking strength of the FRC used. The expressions developed for member stiffness are compatible with the ACI 318 approach of using an effective moment of inertia and can be easily incorporated into existing design procedures to ensure that deflection requirements are satisfied.

The load-deflection response of fiber reinforced cement composites generally starts by an initial portion that is linear elastic up to a certain load at which it deviates from linearity; this is often identified as the onset of first cracking in the matrix. If the cement matrix is not reinforced, first cracking is followed by a sudden drop in the load-deflection curve, and failure occurs. The addition of fibers mostly influences the response of the composite after cracking. For all practical purposes, the load-deflection response of fiber reinforced cement composites after first cracking can be simply classified as either "deflection-softening" or "deflection-hardening." This paper describes first the different types of load-deflection curves observed in various experimental tests and illustrates the influence of some fiber reinforcing parameters with steel and polymeric fibers. Then, an analytical formulation is suggested to predict the value of the critical volume fraction of a given fiber to achieve deflection-hardening behavior. Several parameters influence the “deflection-hardening” portion of the curve and include the fiber content, fiber aspect ratio, and fiber to matrix bond.

This paper is part of an on ongoing research project involving testing of small and large-scale beams to investigate shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with synthetic macro fibers. Six full-scale tests were completed on longitudinally reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. The size of the beam was 280 mm x 460 mm x 3200 mm and tested with a shear span to depth (a/d) ratio of 3.5. Synthetic macro-fibers were added at two volume fractions of 0.5 % and 0.75 %, which is equivalent to 4.6 and 6.9 kg /m3. Strains and deflection were measured under monotonic loading of the beams and cracking was also monitored. The test results show that the synthetic macro-fibers improved the first diagonal shear cracking strength and ultimate shear capacity of the beams. Ultimate shear capacity of the reinforced concrete beams was increased by 12 to 25 % depending on the dosage of synthetic macro-fibers used. Embedded strain gauges in the concrete beams indicated the fibers effectively distributed the load, improved tensile strain capacity and thus increased the shear capacity of the concrete beams. Load-deflection measurements show that synthetic macro-fibers improve the post-diagonal cracking stiffness and toughness of the concrete beams and reduce the brittleness of the shear failure.