Title:
Development of In-Place Test Methods for Evaluating Printable Concretes
Author(s):
Christian Negron-McFarlane, Eric Kreiger, Lynette Barna, Peter Stynoski, and Megan Kreiger
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
121
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
59-72
Keywords:
additive construction (AC); flow table; fresh concrete; three-dimensional (3-D) printing; unconfined compression; volumetric proportioning
DOI:
10.14359/51740265
Date:
4/1/2024
Abstract:
An experimental investigation was carried out using the volumetric
proportioning approach to achieve printable portland
cement concrete mixtures. The types of aggregates investigated
were rounded pea gravel and coarse and fine sand. The test matrix
of potential concrete mixtures was prepared based on watercement
ratios (w/c) of 0.46 to 0.48, sand-to-stone ratios (sa/st) of
1.18 to 1.91, and paste-aggregate ratios (p/a) of 0.74 to 0.81. The
workability and early-age strength of fresh concrete were characterized
by field-friendly flow-table and unconfined compressive
strength (UCS) tests. Test results indicated that the w/c, sa/st, and
p/a all significantly affect fresh concrete pumpability and early-age
strength. The overall research results revealed that pumpability
and buildability can be evaluated with these two tests. The results
of these two tests together are used to define a printable region.