Title:
Performance of Double-Headed Studs Under Flexure and Shearing (Prepublished)
Author(s):
Aaron Nzambi, Dênio Oliveira, João Filho
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
Keywords:
anchorage; bauxite; double-headed stud; flexural cracks; IECCD; pull-out strength; punching; shear reinforcement; sustainability; synthetic aggregate
DOI:
10.14359/51745467
Date:
12/17/2024
Abstract:
This experimental study investigates the influence of flexural cracks and punching shear failure inclination on double-headed studs anchorage within the critical perimeter. The research also explored the technical feasibility of using synthetic coarse aggregates from bauxite residue as a sustainable alternative in structural concrete production. The results showed that the overall structural integrity is impaired at 40 to 50% due to flexural cracks at the critical perimeter of 2‧d (30°), however, the perimeter of 1.2‧d (45°) enhanced the shear reinforcement activation and shear strength up 15%, providing a balanced failure within the strengthening zone. Thus, an internal equilibrium of the concrete capacity design (IECCD) method was proposed to calculate the contribution of double-headed studs and accurate the codes of punching shear strength predictions in serviceability and ultimate limits states. In addition, synthetic aggregates performed similarly to natural aggregates, offering environmental benefits such as reducing the carbon footprint and production stages.