Title:
Refractory Shotcrete - Current State of the Art
Author(s):
I. Leon Glassgold
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
3
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
41-49
Keywords:
curing; linings; mixing; mix proportioning;
nozzles; refractory concretes; shotcrete.
DOI:
Date:
1/1/1981
Abstract:
The paper includes a brief history of refractory shotcrete and makes certain comparisons with portland cement shotcrete. Important characteristics and properties unique to refractory shotcrete are presented with special attention to corrosive and erosive environmental influences. Constituent ingredients such as binders, aggregates, and admixtures are discussed as are the relative merits of field mixes and castables. The two shotcrete processes, dry-mix and wet-mix, are explained in depth and their advantages and drawbacks assessed. The equipment required for shotcrete applications, such as guns, compressors, mixers, elevators, and nozzles is introduced as are hot gunning and gun casting devices. The importance of an experienced crew, well-maintained equipment, and appropriate installation techniques are explained. Emphasis is placed on the need for the proper curing, drying, and firing of refractory shotcrete to insure a successful result. Various construction details, anchorage, steel fibers, and multicomponent linings are described together with current practices for the shotcrete repair and maintenance of refractory linings.