Title:
Fine Ground Cement in Concrete—Properties and Prospects
Author(s):
Lars Lidstrom and Bo Westerberg
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
100
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
398-406
Keywords:
concrete; fineness; strength.
DOI:
10.14359/12815
Date:
9/1/2003
Abstract:
Fine ground cements have often been used in the past for injection and to speed up the hardening of concrete. This study deals with the effects of fine ground cement in concrete. Different degrees of fineness have been achieved by further grinding of standard cement by a new technique that allows grinding in both dry and wet conditions. The focus of this study is on the effect of fineness on compressive, tensile, and bond strengths of concrete (bond to hardened concrete). The fineness is found to have significant effects on these properties, with improvements particularly at early ages, but also after 28 days. Bond is the property on which the cement fineness has the strongest relative effect. To achieve a certain improvement of a concrete property, fine ground cement has the potential to be an economically and environmentally sound alternative to increased cement content. Improvements can be quantified as functions of the grinding energy (the effective electrical energy transferred to the rotor in the mill).