Title:
Modeling of Local Impact Effects on Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Author(s):
Martin S. Williams
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
91
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
178-187
Keywords:
concretes; impact; penetration tests; scabbing; shear; Design
DOI:
10.14359/4603
Date:
3/1/1994
Abstract:
A review is given of models of localized concrete behavior when impacted by undeformable missiles at a wide range of incident velocities. First, experimental and empirical studies of strain rate effects on concrete are discussed. Omission of rate effects may cause substantial errors in prediction of both the mode and magnitude of impact response. A critical review of empirical equations shows that they are able to give reliable predictions of penetration depth and of perforation and scabbing thicknesses over a wide range of parameters. Analytical and computational models are capable of providing very detailed information about the impact process, including stress and deformation histories, but their application is being held back by the need for realistic constitutive relations, especially the modeling of crack formation and propagation