Title:
Engineering Properties of Slag-Based Superfine Cement- Stabilized Clayey Soil
Author(s):
Murat Mollamahmutoglu and Eyubhan Avcı
Publication:
Materials Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
4
Appears on pages(s):
541-548
Keywords:
compressibility; high-plasticity clay; permeability; stabilization; strength; superfine slag-based cement; swelling
DOI:
10.14359/51701924
Date:
7/1/2018
Abstract:
The aim of this research was to investigate such geotechnical properties as consistency limits, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), permeability, swelling potential, and the compressibility of slag-based, superfine cement (SSC)-stabilized, high-plasticity clayey soil. UCS of high-plasticity clayey soil was increased by SSC stabilization under both wet-cured and air-dried conditions. UCS values of SSC stabilized specimens under both conditions increased with time. Additionally, UCS values of SSC-stabilized specimens under air-dried condition were higher than those of SSC- stabilized specimens under wet-cured condition. The permeability of high plasticity clayey soil was reduced by the SSC stabilization, and the permeability of SSC-stabilized soil decreased with time. The swelling potential and the compressibility of high-plasticity clayey soil were also reduced by SSC stabilization.
Related References:
1. Nelson, J. D., and Miller, R. D., Expansive Soils: Problems and Practice in Foundation and Pavement Engineering, first edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1992, 288 pp.
2. Gourly, C. S.; Newill, D.; and Schreiner, H. D., “Expansive Soils: TRL’s Research Strategy,” Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Engineering Characteristics of Arid Soils, F. G. Fookes and R. H. G. Parry, eds., Balkema, London, UK, July 1994, pp. 247-260.
3. Brooks, R. M., “Soil Stabilization with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash,” International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, V. 1, No. 3, Dec. 2009, pp. 209-217.
4. Harichane, K.; Ghrici, G.; Kenai, S.; and Grine, K., “Use of Natural Pozzolana and Lime for Stabilization of Cohesive Soils,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, V. 29, No. 5, 2011, pp. 759-769. doi: 10.1007/s10706-011-9415-z
5. Khemissa, M., and Mahamedi, A., “Cement and Lime Mixture Stabilization of an Expansive Overconsolidated Clay,” Applied Clay Science, V. 95, 2014, pp. 104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.03.017
6. Yoobanpot, N.; Jamsawang, P.; and Horpibulsuk, S., “Strength Behavior and Microstructural Characteristics of Soft Clay Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust and Fly Ash Residue,” Applied Clay Science, V. 141, 2017, pp. 146-156. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2017.02.028
7. Xiao, H.; Wang, W.; and Goh, S. H., “Effectiveness Study for Fly Ash Cement Improved Marine Clay,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 157, 2017, pp. 1053-1064. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.070
8. Bhattacharja, S., and Bhatty, J., “Comparative Performance of Portland Cement and Lime Stabilization of Moderate to High Plasticity Clay Soils,” RD125, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 2003, 21 pp.
9. Bell, F. G., “Assessment of Cement-PFA and Lime-PFA Used to Stabilize Clay-Size Materials,” Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, V. 49, No. 1, 1994, pp. 25-32. doi: 10.1007/BF02594997
10. Petry, T. M., and Wohlgemuth, S. K., “Effects of Pulverization on the Strength and Durability of Highly Active Clay Soils Stabilized with Lime and Portland Cement,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1190, 1988, pp. 38-45.
11. Lasisi, F., and Ogunjide, A. M., “Effect of Grain Size on the Strength Characteristics of Cement Stabilized Lateritic Soils,” Building and Environment, V. 19, No. 1, 1984, pp. 49-54. doi: 10.1016/0360-1323(84)90013-1
12. Prusinski, J., and Bhattacharja, S., “Effectiveness of Portland Cement and Lime in Stabilizing Clay Soils,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, V. 1652, 1999, pp. 215-227. doi: 10.3141/1652-28
13. Mohammad, L. N.; Raghavandra, A.; and Huang, B., “Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Cement-Stabilized Soil Base Mixtures,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, V. 1721, 2000, pp. 19-28. doi: 10.3141/1721-03
14. Hago, A. W.; Al-Rawas, A. A.; and Al-Riyami, A., “Effect of Varying Cement Content and Curing Conditions on the Properties of Sarooj (Artificial Pozzolana),” Building and Environment, V. 37, No. 1, 2002, pp. 45-53. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00086-X
15. Druss, D. L., “Guidelines for Design and Installation of Soil-Cement Stabilization,” Third International Conference on Grouting and Ground Treatment, New Orleans, LA, 2003, pp. 527-539.
16. Wang, D.; Abriak, N. E.; and Zentar, R., “Strength and Deformation Properties of Dunkirk Marine Sediments Solidified with Cement, Lime and Fly Ash,” Engineering Geology, V. 166, 2013, pp. 90-99. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.09.007
17. Ahmed, A., “Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Soft Clay Soil Stabilized with Recycled Bassanite,” Applied Clay Science, V. 104, 2015, pp. 27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.031
18. ASTM D422-63(2002), “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, 8 pp.
19. ASTM D4318-10ε1, “Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010, 16 pp.
20. ASTM D854-02, “Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, 7 pp.
21. ASTM D2487-00, “Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, 12 pp.
22. ASTM D698-00a, “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)),” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, 13 pp.
23. ASTM D2166-00, “Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000, 6 pp.
24. ASTM D5084-03, “Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, 23 pp.
25. ASTM D4546-08, “Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Swell or Collapse of Soils,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2008, 9 pp.
26. Brandl, H., “Alteration of Soil Parameters by Stabilization with Lime,” Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1981, pp. 587-594.
27. Locat, J.; Trembaly, H.; and Leroueil, S., “Mechanical and Hydraulic Behaviour of a Soft Inorganic Clay Treated with Lime,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, V. 33, No. 4, 1996, pp. 654-669. doi: 10.1139/t96-090-311
28. Bahar, R.; Benazzoug, M.; and Kenai, S., “Performance of Compacted Cement-Stabilised Soil,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 26, No. 7, 2004, pp. 811-820. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.01.003
29. Horpibulsuk, S.; Suddeepong, A.; Chinkulkijniwat, A.; and Liu, M. D., “Strength and Compressibility of Lightweight Cemented Clays,” Applied Clay Science, V. 69, 2012, pp. 11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2012.08.006
30. Saride, S.; Puppala, A. J.; and Chikyala, S. R., “Swell-Shrink and Strength Behaviors of Lime and Cement Stabilized Expansive Organic Clays,” Applied Clay Science, V. 85, 2013, pp. 39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2013.09.008
31. Kalantari, B., and Prasad, A., “A Study of the Effect of Various Curing Techniques on the Strength of Stabilized Peat,” Transportation Geotechnics, V. 1, No. 3, 2014, pp. 119-128. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.06.002
32. Cong, M.; Longzhu, C.; and Bing, C., “Analysis of Strength Development in Soft Clay Stabilized with Cement-Based Stabilizer,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 71, 2014, pp. 354-362. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.087
33. Lorenzo, G. A., and Bergado, D. T., “Fundamental Characteristics of Cement Admixed Clay in Deep Mixing,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 18, No. 2, 2006, pp. 161-174. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:2(161)
34. Chew, S. H.; Kamruzzaman, A. H. M.; and Lee, F. H., “Physicochemical and Engineering Behavior of Cement Treated Clays,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, V. 130, No. 7, 2004, pp. 696-706. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:7(696)
35. Al-Rawas, A.; Hago, A.; and Al-Sarmi, H., “Effect of Lime, Cement and Sarooj (Artificial Pozzolan) on the Swelling Potential of an Expansive Soil from Oman,” Building and Environment, V. 40, No. 5, 2005, pp. 681-687. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.028
36. Estabragh, A. R.; Pereshkafti, M. R. S.; Parsaei, B.; and Javadi, A. A., “Stabilized Expansive Soil Behavior during Wetting and Drying,” The International Journal of Pavement Engineering, V. 14, No. 4, 2013, pp. 418-427. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2012.746688