Title:
Effect of Long-term Thermal Conditioning on GFRP-RC Beams
Author(s):
Jahanzaib and Shamim A. Sheikh
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
119
Issue:
5
Appears on pages(s):
311-324
Keywords:
DOI:
10.14359/51734670
Date:
9/1/2022
Abstract:
Results from an experimental program consisting of 10 large beams are presented herein that investigated the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) bars, before and after thermal conditioning. All the beams were completely reinforced with GFRP bars. Control beams tested at room temperature were designed to investigate the flexural behavior of the most-recent generation of GFRP straight bars as well as stirrups. Thermal treatment was designed to study the long-term durability of GFRP-RC beams considering the recent climate challenges of continuously increasing temperatures across the North American regions. Beams were conditioned at 50°C for 4 months under 60% relative humidity and were subjected to sustained load throughout the conditioning duration. Test results of the control beams showed that GFRP-RC beams can show significant increase in the ultimate failure load when appropriately confined in the flexure zone with transverse reinforcement. Deterioration of beams’ behavior was studied as a result of thermal conditioning, especially for stages related to concrete crushing as well as ultimate failure. Under-reinforced beams designed to fail in bottom bars’ rupture showed approximately 22% reduction in the ultimate failure load due to conditioning, but over-reinforced beams did not observe substantial reductions in the ultimate capacity although the load corresponding to initiating of concrete crushing reduced by approximately 10%.
Related References:
ACI Committee 318, 2019, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary (ACI 318R-19),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 623 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforces Polymers (FRPs) for Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Structures (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 3 pp.
ASTM D7205/D7205M-06, 2006, “Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 12 pp.
Barris, C.; Torres, L.; Turon, A.; and Mias, C., 2008, “Experimental Study of Flexural Behavior of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Fourth International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering (CICE2008), Zurich, Switzerland.
Bruun, E. P. G., and Sheikh, S. A., 2014, “GFRP Bars as Compressive Reinforcement in Exposed Structures,” 9th International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridges, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Bush, E., and Lemmen, D. S., eds., 2019, “Canada’s Changing Climate Report,” Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 444 pp.
Chaallal, O., and Benmokrane, B., 1993, “Physical and Mechanical Performance of an Innovative Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Rod for Concrete and Grouted Anchorages,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 20, No. 2, pp. 254-268. doi: 10.1139/l93-031
CSA A23.3-19, 2019, “Design of Concrete Structures,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CSA S6-19, 2019, “Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CSA S806-12, 2012, “Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
CSA S807-19, 2019, “Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” CSA Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Esmaeili, Y.; Eslami, A.; Newhook, J.; and Benmokrane, N., 2020, “Performance of GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to High-Sustained Load and Natural Aging for 10 Years,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 24, No. 5, p. 04020054. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001065
Getzlaf, D. D., 2012, “An Investigation into the Flexural Behavior of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams,” MASc thesis, University of Toronto, Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hajiloo, H.; Green, M. F.; and Gales, J., 2018, “Mechanical Properties of GFRP Reinforcing Bars at High Temperatures,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 162, pp. 142-154. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.025
Jahanzaib; Kharal, Z.; and Sheikh, S. A., 2021, “Behavior of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bar Coupons under Sustained Load and High Temperatures,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 118, No. 1, Jan., pp. 139-154.
Khan, Q. S.; Sheikh, M. N.; and Hadi, M. N. S., 2015, “Tension and Compression Testing of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Bars,” Joint Conference of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the Fifth Asia Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015).
Khorramian, K., and Sadeghian, P., 2021, “Material Characterization of GFRP Bars in Compression Using a New Test Method,” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, V. 49, No. 2, pp. 1037-1052. doi: 10.1520/JTE20180873
Mukherjee, A., and Arwikar, S. J., 2005, “Performance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars in Tropical Environments—Part I: Structural Scale Tests,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 102, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 745-753.
Nanni, A., 1993, “Flexural Behavior and Design of RC Members Using FRP Reinforcement,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 119, No. 11, pp. 3344-3359. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:11(3344)
Park, Y.; Kim, Y. H.; and Lee, S. H., 2014, “Long-Term Flexural Behavior of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams Exposed to Accelerated Aging Exposure Conditions,” Polymers, V. 6, No. 6, pp. 1773-1793. doi: 10.3390/polym6061773
SENES Consultants Ltd Study, 2012, “Toronto’s Future Weather & Climate Driver Study,” Toronto Environment Office, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sheikh, S., and Kharal, Z., 2018, “GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Seismic Loads,” Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures, SP-326, V. Failkman, R. Realfonzo, L. Coppola, P. Hàjek, and P. Riva, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 56.1-56.10.
Tannous, F. E., and Saadatmanesh, H., 1998, “Environmental Effects on the Mechanical Properties of E-Glass FRP Rebars,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 95, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 87-100.
Tavassoli, A.; Liu, L.; and Sheikh, S., 2015, “Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Reinforced Circular Columns under Simulated Seismic Loads,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 1, Jan.-Feb., pp. 103-114. doi: 10.14359/51687227
Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Huang, C.; and Fu, F., 2020, “Comparative Study of Steel-FRP, FRP and Steel-Reinforced Coral Concrete Beams in their Flexural Performance,” Materials (Basel), V. 13, No. 9, p. 2097. doi: 10.3390/ma13092097
Weber, A., 2008, “Fire-Resistance Tests on Composites Rebars,” Fourth International Conference on FRP composites in Civil Engineering (CICE-2008), Zurich, Switzerland.