International Concrete Abstracts Portal

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the primary contributing factors to bridge deck deterioration. Based on the extent of corrosion, different corrosion mitigation strategies can be used to extend the service life of a bridge deck. Bridge deck overlays are efficient tools in reducing active corrosion. While there are multiple overlay solutions that are commonly deployed, including concrete-based and polymer-based systems, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlays have gained interest from bridge owners in recent years. Another corrosion mitigation strategy is the application of corrosion-inhibiting chemicals and sealers to a concrete surface to reduce the ingress of deleterious ions. The purpose of this paper is to compare different corrosion mitigation strategies and study the effects of such techniques on the bond between the UHPC overlay and the substrate concrete. UHPC overlays were found to be effective in reducing corrosion rates by more than 50 percent. Sealers and corrosion inhibitors applied to the concrete substrate in combination with placing a UHPC overlay reduced the corrosion rates even further. However, sealers and corrosion inhibitors appeared to negatively affect bond strength, potentially increasing the likelihood of overlay delamination.

This paper presents an experimental study that investigated the physical and mechanical properties of the helical wrap glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The physical tests are conducted to check the feasibility and quality of the production process through the cross-sectional area and evaluation of the fiber content, moisture absorption, and glass transition temperature of the specimens. While the mechanical tests in this study included testing of the GFRP specimens to determine their tensile properties, transverse shear, and bond strength. Four bar sizes (#3, #4, #5, and #6), representing the range of GFRP reinforcing bars used in practice as longitudinal reinforcement in concrete members subjected to bending, are selected in this investigation. The GFRP bars had a helical wrap surface. The tensile failure of the GFRP bars started with rupture of glass fibers followed by interlaminar delamination and bar crushing. The bond strength of the GFRP bars satisfied the limits in ASTM D7957/D7957M. The test results reveal that the helical wrap GFRP bars had physical and mechanical properties within the standard limits.

CFRP reinforcement has become a consolidated technology in the retrofit of existing structures. Extensive experiments have shown that delamination of externally bonded CFRP plies governs their failure mode. To delay delamination, CFRP anchors are particularly attractive due to their wide range of applicability and large increases in strength and deformability. This paper presents a 2D finite element model for single-lap push-pull tests of concrete blocks reinforced with CFRP subject to monotonic loading. A numerical model is implemented to simulate the bond between CFRP anchors and concrete. CFRP anchors present a complex geometry and a combined tensional state of tangential and normal stresses. For these reasons it is difficult to determine a bond-slip law for CFRP anchors; however, with the proposed procedure the necessary parameters are obtained numerically, at a low computational cost. Experiments taken from literature with a single CFRP anchor are replicated and used to capture the parameters of the bond-slip curve for a particular anchor. The procedure is then validated with experiments with two and three anchors. The proposed procedure achieves reasonable results when comparing the obtained maximum strength achieved, the strains along with the CFRP reinforcement, and the anchor stress behavior with the experiments.

Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are promising structural materials representing the extension of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) technology to repairing applications. Recent experiences have proven the ability of FRCMs to increase the mechanical performances of existing elements, ensuring economic and environmental sustainability. Since FRCM composites are generally employed in the form of thin externally bonded layers, one of the main advantages is the ability to improve the overall energy absorption capacity, weakly impacting the structural dead weights and the structural stiffness and, as a direct consequence, the inertial force distributions activated by seismic events. In the framework of new regulatory initiatives, the paper aims at proposing simplified numerical approaches for the structural design of retrofitting interventions on existing reinforced concrete structures. To this purpose, the research is addressed at two main levels: i) the material level is investigated on the uniaxial tensile response of FRCM composites, modeled by means of well-established numerical approaches; and ii) the macro-scale level is evaluated and modeled on a double edge wedge splitting (DEWS) specimen, consisting of an under-reinforced concrete substrate retrofitted with two outer FRCM composites. This novel experimental technique, originally introduced to investigate the fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete, allows transferring substrate tensile stresses to the retrofitting layers by means of the sole chemo-mechanical adhesion, allowing to investigate the FRCM delamination and cracking phenomena occurring in the notched ligament zone. It is believed that the analysis of the experimental results, assisted by simplified and advanced non-linear numerical approaches, may represent an effective starting point for the derivation of robust design-oriented models.

Carbon Reinforced Concrete (CRC) can be used for new structures and to strengthen existing components. Carbon fibre rods and fabrics are used as reinforcement for new components. Besides CFRP-lamellas, grid-like carbon reinforcements and shotcrete are very suitable for strengthening. Due to the low concrete cover, thin strengthening layers can be realised, which minimise the additional dead load. Depending on the chosen fibre material and impregnation, different failure mechanisms can be observed. The fibre strand should preferably be able to reach the maximum stress under load, but at this stage, the bond behaviour has to be thoroughly considered to prevent failure due to pull-out or delamination. Two carbon reinforcement fabrics are currently being investigated in the research programme C³ - Carbon Concrete Composite.This paper presents the results of large-scale tests on reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with CRC. In addition to the strengthening procedure and the large-scale component tests that have been carried out, this paper deals mainly with the recalculation of the test results and the positional accuracy of the carbon reinforcement and its influence on the flexural strength.