Description
Concrete has general properties, including versatility, resilience, durability, and relatively low cost, that make it the most widely used building material in the world. Architects, engineers, researchers, and concrete practitioners have immeasurable opportunities to incorporate sustainable development into their selection of materials for the manufacture of concrete. The immediate and direct connection between sustainable development and concrete materials includes efficient use of materials (conservation, substitution, reuse, repurposing, and recycling), materials life-cycle assessment, replacement materials (scarcity, resource availability, and materials economics), energy (materials to support alternative energy technologies, to mitigate problems with fossil-fuel technologies, and to increase energy efficiency), mitigation of undesirable environmental impacts from technology and economic growth (corrosion, pollution, and toxic waste), and water purification. Information is presented to assist in the development of practical knowledge and selection of materials used in concrete manufacture.
Keywords: admixtures; aggregates; blended cement; non-portland binders; portland cement; recycled aggregates; reinforcing steel; supplementary cementitious materials; waste reduction; water.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
1.2—Scope
CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 3—CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
3.1—Portland cement
3.2—Blended hydraulic cement
3.3—Supplementary cementitious materials
3.4—Non-portland cement binders
CHAPTER 4—AGGREGATES AND FILLERS
4.1—Introduction
4.2—Natural sand and gravel
4.3—Crushed stone
4.4—Lightweight aggregates
4.5—Recycled/reused aggregates
4.6—Mineral filler
CHAPTER 5—CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES AND ADDITIVES
5.1—Overview
5.2—Materials used in admixture formulations
5.3—Environmental impact
5.4—Sustainable benefits of chemical admixtures
5.5—Reducing concrete waste
CHAPTER 6—WATER
6.1—Overview
6.2—Standards for water in concrete mixtures
6.3—Strategies for reducing consumption of potable water in production of concrete
6.4—Summary
CHAPTER 7—REINFORCEMENT
7.1—Introduction
7.2—Steel reinforcement
7.3—Steel reinforcing bars
7.4—Welded-wire reinforcement
7.5—Fiber reinforcement
7.6—Nonferrous reinforcement
CHAPTER 8—CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9—REFERENCES
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