Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 2
1.1—Introduction, p. 2
1.2—Scope, p. 2
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 3
2.1—Notation, p. 3
2.2—Definitions, p. 3
CHAPTER 3—CEMENT TYPES, AVAILABILITY, AND SELECTION, p. 3
3.1—Portland and blended hydraulic cements, p. 3
3.2—Special-purpose cement, p. 4
3.3—Research and development, p. 5
3.4—Rational approach to selection, p. 5
CHAPTER 4—CEMENT CHEMISTRY, p. 7
4.1—Portland cement, p. 7
4.2—Blended hydraulic cement, p. 10
4.3—Shrinkage-compensating expansive cement, p. 12
4.4—Calcium-aluminate cement, p. 12
CHAPTER 5—INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES, POZZOLANS, AND SLAG CEMENTS ON CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEMS, p. 12
5.1—Air-entraining admixtures, p. 13
5.2—Other chemical admixtures, p. 13
5.3—Pozzolans, p. 14
5.4—Slag cements, p. 15
CHAPTER 6—INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON THE HYDRATION OF CEMENTS, p. 15
6.1—Water requirements, p. 15
6.2—Temperature effects, p. 15
6.3—Composition, p. 16
CHAPTER 7—INFLUENCE OF CEMENT ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES, p. 16
7.1—Thermal cracking, p. 16
7.2—Placeability, p. 17
7.3—Strength, p. 18
7.4—Volume stability, p. 19
7.5—Elastic properties, p. 19
7.6—Creep, p. 20
7.7—Permeability, p. 20
7.8—Corrosion of embedded steel, p. 21
7.9—Resistance to freezing and thawing, p. 21
7.10—Resistance to chemical attack, p. 21
7.11—Resistance to high temperatures, p. 21
7.12—Aggregate reactions in concrete, p. 22
7.13—Color, p. 22
CHAPTER 8—CEMENT STORAGE AND DELIVERY, p. 23
8.1—Storage, p. 23
8.2—Pack set (sticky cement), p. 23
8.3—Delivery, p. 24
8.4—Contamination and handling, p. 24
8.5—Worker protection, p. 24
CHAPTER 9—SAMPLING AND TESTING HYDRAULIC CEMENTS FOR CONFORMANCE TO SPECIFICATIONS, p. 24
9.1—Cement mill test reports, p. 25
9.2—Sealed silos, p. 27
9.3—Cement certification, p. 27
9.4—Quality management, p. 27
CHAPTER 10—SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS, p. 29
10.1—Hydraulic cements, p. 29
10.2—Energy consumption, p. 29
10.3—Use of SCMs as replacement for portland cement, p. 29
10.4—Use of cement in concrete, p. 29
10.5—Recycled raw materials as raw feed in the manufacture of portland cement, p. 30
10.6—Alternate fuels, p. 30
10.7—Combustion emissions, p. 30
10.8—Recent progress and strategy, p. 31
10.9—Carbonation, p. 31
CHAPTER 11—REFERENCES, p. 31
Authored documents, p. 33
APPENDIX A—CALCIUM-ALUMINATE CEMENTS, p. 36
A.1—Manufacture and properties, p. 36
A.2—Influences of admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials, p. 37
A.3—Influence of environment, p. 37
A.4—Heat of hydration, p. 37
A.5—Setting characteristics, p. 37
A.6—Strength, p. 37
A.7—Resistance to chemical attack, p. 38
A.8—Resistance to high temperatures, p. 38
APPENDIX B––MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATION (MILL TEST REPORT), p. 39