Description
Cement is the most active component of concrete and usually has the greatest unit cost, its selection and proper use is important in obtaining balance of properties and cost desired for a particular concrete mixture. Selection should take into account the properties of the available cements and the performance required of the concrete. This report summarizes information about the composition and availability of commercial hydraulic cements and factors affecting their performance in concrete. The largest part of this report covers the influence of cement on the properties of concrete. Cement storage and delivery, and the sampling and testing of hydraulic cements for conformance to specifications are reviewed briefly.
This report help users recognize when a readily available, general purpose (ASTM C 150 Type I) cement will perform satisfactorily, or when conditions require selection of a cement that means some additional requirements. It will also aid cement users by providing genreal information on the effects of cements on the properties of concrete.
Keywords: admixtures; blended cements; calcium-aluminate cements; cements; cement storage; chemical analysis; concretes; hydraulic cements; mineral admixtures; physical properties; portland cements; sampling; selection; tests.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 The need for a rational approach to selecting cements
1.2 Purpose of this report
Chapter 2 - Cement Types and Availability
2.1 Portland and blended hydraulic cements
2.2 Special-purpose cements
Chapter 3 - Cement Chemistry
3.1 Portland cements
3.2 Blended hydraulic cements
3.3 Shrinkage-compensating expansive cements
3.4 Calcium-aluminate cements
chapter 4 - Influence of Chemical & Mineral Admixtures & Slag on the Performance of Cements
4.1 Air-entraining admixtures
4.2 Chemical admixtures
4.3 Mineral Admixtures
4.4 Ground granulated blast-furnace slags
Chapter 5 - Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Behavior of Cements
Chapter 6 - Influence of Cement on Properties of Concrete
6.1 Thermal cracking
6.2 Placeability
6.3 Strength
6.4 Volume stability
6.5 Elastic properties
6.6 Creep
6.7 Permeability
6.8 Corrosion of embedded steel
6.9 Resistance to freezing and thawing
6.10 Resistance to chemical attack
6.11 Resistance to high temperatures
6.12 Cement-aggregate reactions
6.13 Color
Chapter 7 - Cement Storage and Delivery
Chapter 8 - Sampling and Testing of Hydraulic Cements for Conformance to Specifications
8.1 The cement mill test report
8.2 Seated silos
8.3 Cement certification
8.4 Quality management
Chapter 9 - References
9.1 Recommended
9.2 Cited
Appendix - Calcium aluminate cements