Table of Contents
Chapter 1—Introduction
1.1—General
1.2—What is silica fume?
1.3—Silica fume versus other forms of silica
1.4—Using silica fume in concrete
1.5—Using silica fume in blended cements
1.6—Worldwide availability of silica fume
1.7—Types of silica fume products available
1.8—Health hazards
1.9—Environmental impact
Chapter 2—Physical properties and chemical composition of silica fume
2.1—Color
2.2—Specific gravity
2.3—Bulk density
2.4—Fineness, particle shape, and oversize material
2.5—Chemical composition
2.6—Crystallinity
2.7—Variability
2.8—Relating physical and chemical properties to performance in concrete
2.9—Quality control
Chapter 3—Mechanisms by which silica fume modifies cement paste, mortar, and concrete,
3.1—General
3.2—Physical effects
3.3—Chemical effects
3.4—Microstructure modifications
3.5—Self-desiccation and water of hydration
3.6—Autogenous shrinkage (volume change)
3.7—Chemical composition of pore fluid
3.8—Reactions in combination with fly ash or groundgranulated blast-furnace slag
3.9—Reactions with different types of portland cements
3.10—Heat of hydration
3.11—Reactions with chemical admixtures
Chapter 4—Effects of silica fume on properties of fresh concrete
4.1—Water demand
4.2—Workability
4.3—Slump loss
4.4—Time of setting
4.5—Segregation
4.6—Bleeding and plastic shrinkage
4.7—Color of concrete
4.8—Air entrainment
4.9—Bulk density (unit weight) of fresh concrete
4.10—Evolution of hydrogen gas
Chapter 5—Effects of silica fume on properties of hardened concrete
5.1—General
5.2—Mechanical properties
5.3—Durability aspects
5.4—Miscellaneous properties
5.5—Use of silica fume in combination with fibers
5.6—Use of silica fume in ternary blends
5.7—Property variations with respect to type, source, and form of delivery of silica fume
Chapter 6—Applications of silica fume in concrete
6.1—Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong
6.2—311 South Wacker Drive, Chicago
6.3—Kuala Lumpur City Center, Malaysia
6.4—Kinzua Dam Stilling Basin, United States
6.5—Stolma Bridge, Norway
6.6—Highway bridges, United States
6.7—Parking structures, United States
Chapter 7—Specifications
7.1—General
7.2—Specifying silica fume
7.3—Specifying silica-fume admixtures
7.4—Specifying silica-fume blended cement
7.5—Specifying silica-fume concrete
Chapter 8—Proportioning silica-fume concrete mixtures
8.1—General
8.2—Cement and silica fume content
8.3—Water content
8.4—Aggregate
8.5—Chemical admixtures
8.6—Proportioning
8.7—Ternary mixtures
Chapter 9—Working with silica fume in field concrete
9.1—Transporting and handling silica fume and silicafume admixture products
9.2—Producing concrete
9.3—Transporting
9.4—Placing
9.5—Finishing
9.6—Curing
9.7—Accelerated curing
Chapter 10—Research needs
10.1—Frost resistance
10.2—Scaling resistance
10.3—Sulfate attack
10.4—Drying shrinkage and creep
10 5—Steel corrosion
10.6—Long-term durability
10.7—Rheology of fresh concrete
10.8—Mechanism of strength development
10.9—Role of silica fume in special concretes
10.10—Effect of silica fume on hydration
10.11—Later-age cracking
Chapter 11—References
11.1—Referenced standards and reports
11.2—Cited references