Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
1.2—Scope
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1—Notation
2.2—Definitions
CHAPTER 3—OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES, AND ECONOMY
3.1—Objectives
3.2—Principles
3.3—Economy
CHAPTER 4—GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1—Planning
4.2—Protection during unexpected freezing
4.3—Concrete temperature
4.4—Temperature records
4.5—Heated enclosures
4.6—Slab finishing
4.7—Concrete workability
CHAPTER 5—TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE AS MIXED AND PLACED, AND HEATING OF MATERIALS
5.1—Placement temperature
5.2—Mixing temperature
5.3—Heating mixing water
5.4—Heating aggregates
5.5—Steam heating of aggregates
5.6—Overheating of aggregates
5.7—Calculation of mixture temperature
5.8—Temperature loss during delivery
CHAPTER 6—PREPARATION BEFORE CONCRETING
6.1—Preparation of surfaces in contact with fresh concrete
6.2—Massive metallic embedments
6.3—Subgrade condition
CHAPTER 7—PROTECTION AGAINST FREEZING FOR CONCRETE NOT REQUIRING CONSTRUCTION SUPPORTS
7.1—Protection methods
7.2—Protection period
7.3—Protection period for durability
7.4—Protection for strength gain
7.5—Temperature drop after removal of protection
7.6—Allowable temperature differential during stripping
CHAPTER 8—PROTECTION AGAINST FREEZING FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE REQUIRING CONSTRUCTION SUPPORTS
8.1—Introduction
8.2—Field-cured cylinders
8.3—In-place testing
8.4—Maturity testing
8.5—Attainment of design strength
8.6—Increasing early strength
8.7—Cooling concrete
8.8—Estimating strength development
8.9—Removal of forms and supports
8.10—Estimating strength development: modeling cold weather placements
CHAPTER 9—EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, AND METHODS OF TEMPERATURE PROTECTION
9.1—Introduction
9.2—Insulating materials
9.3—Selection of insulation when supplementary heat is not used
9.4—Selection of insulation for use with hydronic heaters
9.5—Heaters
9.6—Enclosures
9.7—Internal heating
9.8—Temperature monitoring
9.9—Temporary removal of protection
9.10—Insulated forms
CHAPTER 10—CURING RECOMMENDATIONS AND METHODS
10.1—Introduction
10.2—Curing during the protection period inside an enclosure
10.3—Curing following the protection period
CHAPTER 11—ACCELERATION OF SETTING AND STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT
11.1—Introduction
11.2—Accelerating admixtures
11.3—Cold weather admixture systems (CWASs)
11.4—Rapid setting cements
CHAPTER 12—REFERENCES
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