Description
This Design Specification provides material, design, and construction requirements for concrete silos, stave silos, and stacking tubes for storing granular materials, including design and construction requirements for cast-in-place or precast and conventionally reinforced or post-tensioned silos.
Silos and stacking tubes require design considerations not encountered in building structures. While this Design Specification refers to ACI 318 for several requirements, static and dynamic loading from funnel, mass, concentric, and asymmetric flow in silos; special loadings on stacking tubes; and seismic and hopper bottom design are also included.
Keywords: asymmetric flow; bins; funnel flow; granular materials; hoppers; mass flow; silos.
Table of Contents
Introduction
CHAPTER 1—GENERAL
1.1—Scope
1.2—Documentation
1.3—Regulations/inspections
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1—Notation
2.2—Definitions
CHAPTER 3—REFERENCE STANDARDS
CHAPTER 4—MATERIALS
4.1—General
4.2—Cement and concrete
4.3—Aggregates
4.4—Water
4.5—Admixtures
4.6—Reinforcement
4.7—Precast concrete staves
4.8—Tests of materials
CHAPTER 5—CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
5.1—General
5.2—Sampling and testing concrete
5.3—Details and placement of reinforcement
5.4—Forms
5.5—Concrete placing and finishing
5.6—Concrete protection and curing
5.7—Lining and coating
5.8—Tolerances for slipformed and jumpformed structures
CHAPTER 6—DESIGN
6.1—General
6.2—Details and placement of reinforcement
6.3—Loads
6.4—Wall design
6.5—Hopper design
6.6—Column design
6.7—Foundation design
CHAPTER 7—CONCRETE STAVE INDUSTRIAL SILOS
7.1—Scope
7.2—Coatings
7.3—Erection tolerances
7.4—Wall design
7.5—Hoops for stave silos
7.6—Concrete stave and stave assembly testing
CHAPTER 8—POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE SILOS
8.1—Scope
8.2—Post-tensioning systems
8.3—Tendon systems
8.4—Bonded tendons
8.5—Unbonded tendons
8.6—Post-tensioning ducts
8.7—Details and location of nonprestressed reinforcement
8.8—Wall openings
8.9—Stressing records
8.10—Design
8.11—Vertical bending moment and shear due to post-tensioning
8.12—Tolerances
CHAPTER 9—CONCRETE STACKING TUBES
9.1—Scope
9.2—General layout
9.3—Loads
9.4—Load factors and strength reduction factors
9.5—Tube wall design
9.6—Foundation or reclaim tunnel
CHAPTER R10—COMMENTARY REFERENCES
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