Description
This report is intended for use by practicing engineers and provides a summary of the state-of-the-art analysis, modeling, and design of concrete bridges subjected to strong earthquakes. It is intended to supplement and complement existing documents from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and various building codes and guidelines. Procedures and philosophies of codes and guidelines are summarized. Linear and nonlinear seismic analysis methods are also discussed, and important modeling considerations for different bridge elements, including curved girders and skewed abutments, are highlighted. The report also includes a summary of general seismic-resistant design and construction considerations for concrete bridges, as well as analysis and design considerations for bridges with seismic isolation.
Keywords: abutment; bridge; column; connections; design; earthquake; footing; girder; hinge; restrainer; seismic; seismic analysis; seismic isolation.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION
1.1—General
1.2—Lessons learned from earthquake damage to bridges
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS
2.1—Notation
2.2—Definitions
CHAPTER 3—CODES
3.1—Historical perspective
CHAPTER 4—SEISMIC HAZARDS
4.1—Introduction
4.2—Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
4.3—Multi-level earthquake ground motions
4.4—USGS probabilistic ground motion maps and design value maps
4.5—Vertical accelerations
4.6—Near-fault ground motions and residual ground displacements near faults
4.7—Load combinations
4.8—Combining effects of orthogonal components of earthquakes
4.9—Ground motion time histories
4.10—Geotechnical considerations
CHAPTER 5—ANALYSIS
5.1—Overview
5.2—Single-mode spectral analysis
5.3—Pushover analysis
5.4—Multi-mode spectral analysis
5.5—Time-history analysis
5.6—Nonlinear analysis
CHAPTER 6—MODELING
6.1—General
6.2—Superstructure modeling
6.3—Substructure modeling
6.4—Abutment and foundation modeling
6.5—Bearings
CHAPTER 7—DESIGN
7.1—General
7.2—Multi-level seismic design
7.3—AASHTO force-based design methods
7.4—Displacement-based design methods
7.5—Seismic conceptual design
7.6—Design considerations
7.7—Seismically isolated bridges
7.8—Construction
CHAPTER 8—REFERENCES
Authored references