ACI CODE-376-23: Refrigerated Liquefied Gas Containment for Concrete Structures—Code Requirements and Commentary

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Description

This code provides minimum requirements for design and construction of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures for the storage and containment of refrigerated liquefied gases (RLG) with service temperatures between +40 and –325°F. The principles listed herein are applicable to concrete foundations of double-steel tanks subject to the approval of the owner.

Container design shall include the design of the container wall, its foundation (footing and floor slab), the concrete portions of its roof, and the bund wall, whenever applicable. Available in hard copy or electronic format.

Keywords: bund wall; commissioning; cryogenic; damage stability; decommissioning; earthquake design levels; fatigue; float out; floating storage unit; foundation heating; gravity base structure; impact loads; liners; liquefied natural gas; liquid stratification; permanent ballast; purging; refrigerated liquefied gas; reinforcement (cryogenic); tanks; thermal corner protection

 

Document Details

Author: ACI Committee 376S

Publication Year: 2023

Pages: 177

Formats: Printed Document or Protected PDF/Web View

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION, p. 4

CHAPTER 1—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, p. 5

1.1—Scope, p. 5

1.2—Quality assurance, p. 6

1.3—Engineer, p. 7

CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 8

2.1—Notation, p. 8

2.2—Definitions, p. 9

CHAPTER 3—REFERENCED STANDARDS, p. 16

CHAPTER 4—MATERIALS, p. 19

4.1—Testing of materials, p. 19

4.2—Cementitious materials, p. 19

4.3—Aggregates, p. 19

4.4—Water, p. 20

4.5—Admixtures, p. 20

4.6—Fibers, p. 20

4.7—Deformed reinforcing bars, p. 21

4.8—Plate steel composite with concrete, p. 22

4.9—Prestressed reinforcement, p. 22

4.10—Prestressing anchorages, p. 23

4.11—Post-tensioning ducts, p. 23

4.12—Grout, p. 23

4.13—Metal liners and nonstructural metal components, p. 24

4.14—Insulation, p. 24

4.15—Coating requirements, p. 25

CHAPTER 5—DESIGN LOADS, LOADING CONDITIONS, AND LOAD COMBINATIONS, p. 26

5.1—General, p. 26

5.2—Design loads, p. 26

5.3—Loading conditions, p. 31

5.4—Load combinations, p. 32

CHAPTER 6—MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, p. 34

6.1—General, p. 34

6.2—Primary concrete container, p. 35

6.3—Secondary concrete container, p. 37

6.4—Roof performance criteria, p. 47

6.5—Other performance criteria, p. 47

6.6—Concrete quality, p. 47

6.7—Shotcrete, p. 52

6.8—Coating requirements, p. 52

6.9—Metal components, p. 53

CHAPTER 7—LOAD FACTORS, p. 54

7.1—General, p. 54

7.2—Load factors for ultimate limit state, p. 54

7.3—Load factors for serviceability limit state, p. 58

CHAPTER 8—ANALYSIS AND DESIGN, p. 59

8.1—Methods of analysis, p. 59

8.2—Container design basis, p. 66

8.3—Foundation design, p. 67

8.4—Wall design, p. 68

8.5—Roof design, p. 71

8.6—Horizontal shear transfer in composite construction, p. 73

CHAPTER 9—DETAILING, p. 74

9.1—General, p. 74

9.2—Reinforcement details, p. 74

9.3—Internal prestressing systems, p. 76

9.4—External prestressing systems, p. 77

9.5—Concrete containment wall, p. 77

9.6—Metal components, p. 79

9.7—Anchorage to concrete, p. 80

9.8—Liners and coatings, p. 81

CHAPTER 10—FOUNDATIONS, p. 83

10.1—General, p. 83

10.2—Geotechnical investigation, p. 84

10.3—Design requirements for shallow foundations, p. 87

10.4—Design requirements for deep foundations, p. 90

10.5—Ground improvement, p. 94

10.6—Foundation details, p. 95

10.7—Foundation performance monitoring details, p. 97

10.8—Monitoring frequency, p. 98

10.9—Inspection and testing, p. 100

CHAPTER 11—CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS, p. 102

11.1—Construction plan, p. 102

11.2—Tolerances, p. 102

11.3—Shotcrete for external prestressing systems, p. 105

11.4—Post-tensioning, p. 106

11.5—Winding of prestressed reinforcement: wire or strand, p. 110

11.6—Forming, p. 111

11.7—Construction joints, p. 112

11.8—Concrete embedments, p. 113

11.9—Coatings, p. 113

11.10—Welding, p. 113

CHAPTER 12—TESTING, COMMISSIONING AND DECOMMISSIONING, p. 114

12.1—Scope, p. 114

12.2—Testing, p. 114

12.3—Pressure and vacuum testing, p. 118

12.4—Purging into service, p. 118

12.5—Cool-down, p. 120

12.6—Settlement and movement monitoring, p. 122

12.7—Tank fill methods, p. 123

12.8—Decommissioning: purging out of service and warm-up, p. 123

12.9—Recordkeeping, p. 125

12.10—Nameplate, p. 125

APPENDIX A—TANK CONFIGURATIONS, DETAILS, AND EXAMPLES, p. 127

RA.1—Tank configurations, p. 127

RA.2—Full-containment tanks: typical details, p. 127

RA.3—Examples of base joint details, p. 127

APPENDIX B—OFFSHORE CONCRETE TERMINALS, p. 138

B.1—Scope, p. 138

B.2—General, p. 138

B.3—Loads and load combinations, p. 139

B.4—Concrete and reinforcement materials, p. 142

B.5—Global and local structural analysis, p. 143

B.6—Criteria and methodology of concrete sectional design, p. 145

B.7—Fatigue performance criteria, p. 145

B.8—Design considerations during construction, transportation, and installation, p. 146

B.9—Decommissioning, p. 149

B.10—Design for accidents, p. 149

APPENDIX C—FATIGUE PERFORMANCE, p. 152

C.1—Scope, p. 152

C.2—General, p. 152

C.3—Fatigue performance criteria, p. 152

APPENDIX D—REQUIREMENTS FOR OUTER CONCRETE CONTAINER FOR MEMBRANE TANKS, p. 156

D.1—General requirements, p. 156

D.2—Notation and definitions, p. 157

D.3—Referenced standards, p. 157

D.4—Materials, p. 157

D.5—Design loads, loading conditions, and load combinations, p. 157

D.6—Minimum performance requirements, p. 158

D.7—Load factors, p. 161

D.8—Analysis and design, p. 163

D.9—Detailing, p. 163

D.10—Foundations, p. 163

D.11—Construction requirements, p. 163

D.12—Testing commissioning and decommissioning, p. 163

COMMENTARY REFERENCES, p. 164

Authored documents, p. 167

ERRATA INFO

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