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RESULTS FOR MARINE CONCRETE


The three main causes of deterioration in concrete marine structures are: 1) freezing-and-thawing attack on the concrete; 2) corrosion of reinforcing steel and disruption of concrete by the resulting expansion; and 3) chemical attack on concrete by sea water. Magnesium, sulfate, and chloride ions, and dissolved CO2 present in sea water, act as agents of destruction for all the hydration products of portland cement (namely, the calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate and sulfoaluminate hydrates, and calcium hydroxide).