Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—GENERAL, p. 2
1.1—Introduction, p. 2
1.2—Scope, p. 3
CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 3
2.1—Definitions, p. 3
CHAPTER 3—CAUSES OF DETERIORATION, p. 3
3.1—Introduction, p. 3
3.2—Deficient construction practices, p. 3
3.3—Marine organisms, p. 4
3.4—Chemical attack, p. 4
3.5—Corrosion, p. 5
3.6—Mechanical damage, p. 6
3.7—Freezing and thawing damage, p. 6
3.8—Salt scaling, p. 7
3.9—Scour, p. 7
CHAPTER 4—INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION, p. 7
4.1—Introduction, p. 7
4.2—Underwater access technology, p. 7
4.3—Visual inspection, p. 8
4.4—Tactile inspection, p. 9
4.5—Underwater nondestructive testing of concrete, p. 9
4.6—Sampling and destructive testing, p. 11
4.7—Evaluation, p. 11
CHAPTER 5—PREPARATION FOR REPAIR, p. 12
5.1—General, p. 12
5.2—Excavation and debris removal, p. 12
5.3—Concrete removal, p. 13
5.4—Surface preparation, p. 13
5.5—Reinforcement preparation, p. 14
5.6—Concrete anchors, p. 14
CHAPTER 6—FORMWORK, p. 15
6.1—General, p. 15
6.2—Rigid forms, p. 15
6.3—Semi-rigid forms, p. 17
6.4—Flexible forms, p. 18
CHAPTER 7—MATERIALS AND METHODS, p. 20
7.1—General considerations, p. 20
7.2—Anti-washout admixtures, p. 20
7.3—Preplaced-aggregate concrete, p. 21
7.4—Tremie concrete, p. 22
7.5—Pumped concrete and grout, p. 23
7.6—Freefall through water, p. 24
7.7—Epoxy grouting, p. 25
7.8—Epoxy injection, p. 26
7.9—Gloved-hand placement, p. 28
7.10—Geomembrane systems, p. 28
7.11—Cathodic protection, p. 29
7.12—Fiber-reinforced polymers, p. 30
CHAPTER 8—INSPECTION OF REPAIRS, p. 30
8.1—Introduction, p. 30
8.2—Procedure, p. 30
8.3—Documentation, p. 31
CHAPTER 9—REFERENCES, p. 31
Authored documents, p. 32