Description
This document discusses commonly used cementitious materials for concrete and describes the basic use of these materials. It is targeted at those in the concrete industry not involved in determining the specific mixture proportions of concrete or in measuring the properties of the concrete. Students, craftsmen, inspectors, and contractors may find this a valuable introduction to a complex topic. The document is not intended to be a state-of-the-art report, user’s guide, or a technical discussion of past and present research findings. More detailed information is available in ACI 225R-99, “Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Cements,” ACI 232.2R-03, “Use of Fly Ash in Concrete,” ACI 233R-03, “Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar,” and ACI 234R-06, “Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete.”
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION
1.1—History of portland cement
1.2—Sustainability
CHAPTER 2—MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
2.1—Raw material preparation
2.2—Pyroprocessing
2.3—Final processing
2.4—Quality control
CHAPTER 3—PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENTS
3.1—Compound composition
3.2—Types of portland cement
3.3—Hydration of portland cements
3.4—Cement fineness
3.5—Setting behavior
3.6—Heat of hydration
3.7—Strength development
3.8—Sulfate resistance
CHAPTER 4—PORTLAND CEMENTS AND THEIR SPECIFICATIONS
4.1—Cement types
CHAPTER 5—STANDARD TESTS FOR PORTLAND CEMENTS
5.1—Chemical tests
5.2—Physical tests
CHAPTER 6—FLY ASH AND NATURAL POZZOLANS
6.1—Classification of pozzolans
6.2—Fly ash as cementitious material
6.3—Effect of fly ash on fresh concrete
6.4—Effect of fly ash on hardened concrete
6.5—Concrete mixture considerations with fly ash
CHAPTER 7—SLAG CEMENT
7.1—Classification of blast-furnace slag
7.2—Slag cement as supplementary cementitious material
7.3—Effects of slag cement on fresh and hardened properties of concrete
CHAPTER 8—SILICA FUME
8.1—Silica fume production
8.2—Silica fume as cementitious material
8.3—Effects of silica fume on properties of fresh and hardened concrete
CHAPTER 9—ADDITIONAL FACTORS IN SELECTION AND USE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
9.1—Uniformity
9.2—Handling and storage of cement
9.3—Availability